A reptillian brain (R complex): Brain that we share with birds and reptiles, this is a kind of "housekeeping brain", which has basic controls: hunger, temperature control, fight-or-flight fear responses etc.
A mammal brain (Limbic system): Which is another layer surrounding Reptillian brain like a shell (Latin word Limbus is arc or girdle). This is a shared brain among mammals, which in evolution added new capabilities to these animals. This part controls feelings, mood,memory or hormone control.
A primate brain (Neocortex) : This is the brain we see from outside, those look like walnut. With this primates differ from horses or cows, any complex social interaction, advanced planning and logic. The more the size of this cortext, the more advanced animal is. Other primates like monkeys or chimpanzees have much less cortex size than humans, which may explain why humans populate the world while our relatives stay on rainy forests.
So how it is related to innovation or leadership?
See the talk by Simon Sinek yourself about how great leaders inspire action!.
Sources:
Triune brain
Ted talk Simon Sinek: How great Leaders inspire action
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